![]() ![]() ![]() Neurogenesis in the Cx starts at E11.5, when some Pa圆-positive radial glial cells (blue) divide asymmetrically in the VZ. Before onset of neurogenesis (E10.5), symmetrical divisions increase the pool of NEPCs (light gray). Scheme representing a part of the cortical wall corresponding to the area boxed in half brain coronal section (upper left). MiRNA regulation of cerebral cortical neurogenesis. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Thus, it is important to improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that control cerebral Cx development. 3 Disruption of these cellular processes can result in cortical malformations that are associated with some psychiatric or neurological disorders. ![]() These processes are orchestrated by interplay between extracellular and intracellular signaling cues that ultimately converge on cytoskeleton to support morphological remodelings. 2 Generation of cortical neurons relies on the completion of cell cycle exit, cell migration and neuronal differentiation. They incorporate local neuronal networks where they modulate neuronal excitability. The second class of neurons includes GABAergic interneurons that arise from the ventral telencephalon and travel along multiple tangential paths to reach the cortical wall. They send axonal projections to distant cortical or subcortical targets. They migrate a short distance along radial glia fibers to settle in dedicated cortical layers. 1 Most cortical neurons are glutamatergic projection neurons that are born in germinal compartment of dorsal telencephalon. In addition, cortical neurons are regionally organized into specific areas that underlie cognitive, motor and perceptual abilities. ![]() Neurons that belong to the same cortical layer share characteristic morphology, dendrite arborization complexity and axonal projection pattern. The cerebral cortex (Cx) is the most complex structure of the brain and comprises up to six horizontal layers of neurons ( Figure 1). What is the exact contribution of miRNAs to neuropathological conditions that affect the development of the cortex and its plasticity during adulthood? What are the upstream mechanisms that drive the dynamic expression of microRNAs in cerebral corticogenesis?Īre microRNAs directly controlling the migration of postmitotic projection neurons?Ī single miRNA can target hundreds of predicted mRNAs, thus more need to be done to define the full spectrum of genes regulated by miRNAs in cortical neurogenesis. ![]()
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